Radiation hazards in dentistry pdf

During an average radiological examination, the radiation dose received by an individual is generally low and relatively few cells are damaged. Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene. Authorized users and radiation workers at uma are instructed to apply alara principles and good work practices to minimize their radiation exposures, and to strictly adhere to uma radiation safety policies and. Health hazards of radiation an unprotected person in the accident place may in a short time receive such a great radiation dose that it has an immediate effect on the persons health. Potential hazards three potential hazards could exist which require evaluation.

Michael sheetz, in research regulatory compliance, 2015. Radiation protection an overview sciencedirect topics. Report of the statewide program for radiation protection in the use of dental. To assess knowledge, approach and perceptions kap of undergraduate saudi dental students towards biological hazards of dental x ray and appropriate radiographic.

However, exposure to ionizing radiation also carries the risk of harm. This lesson is about the causes and types of radiation hazards and about. Radiation protection of staff in dental radiology iaea. European commission, european guidelines on radiation protection in dental radiology, rp 6, luxembourg 2004. Dentist should not hold the film in patients mouth. Report of the statewide program for radiation protection in the use of dental x ray. Occupational health in dentistry fdi world dental federation. Radiation safety in dentistry fdi world dental federation. Pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. European guidelines on radiation protection in dental radiology. These include exposure to infections including human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis. Awareness of these occupational hazards and implementation of preventive strategies can necessarily provide a safe practice. Health and afety authority guidance on occupational hazards in dentistry 5 cyan 1 magenta e llo 0 black 2 physical hazards physical hazards 1. A great dose of radiation destroys a lot of cells and can be the cause of a radiation illness.

Ultimate medical academy standard operating procedure soped149 development date. Generally, the dose of exposure to radiation is quite low in dentistry. Radiographs are an indispensable diagnostic aid in dentistry as they allow the. Some people are more likely to develop cancer from radiation exposure than.

The dentists have to access benefits against its hazards and be aware of different radiation protection techniques. Parker2 professor reinhilde jacobs3 1 applied oral sciences, faculty of dentistry, the university of hong kongapplied oral sciences, faculty of dentistry, the university of hong kong. Guidance on occupational hazards in dentistry the aim of this guide is to assist in the systematic identification of occupational hazards in dentistry and to highlight protective and preventative measures that might be adopted in order to mitigate the risks posed to workers to as low a level as reasonably practicable. The goal of dental radiography is to obtain diagnostic information while keeping the exposure to the patient and dental staff at minimum levels. The aim of radiation protection in dentistry is to obtain the desired clinical information with minimum radiation exposure to patients, dental personnel, and the public. Radiation hazards in dentistry 1972 1958 american college of radiology. Radiation protection practices are important in the radiation oncology clinic for protection of the patient, radiation oncology personnel, ancillary staff, and the general public.

It can come from unstable atoms or it can be produced by. Because of the low radiation dose associated with dental radiographs, people who have received radiation treatment for head and neck cancer can undergo dental radiography safely. The tables below outline oshas standards for ionizing radiation and related hazards. Radiation protection in dentistry linkedin slideshare. Procedures for minimizing radiation exposure to patients 36 9. Introduction radiation protection the main principal is to those things which will minimize exposure of patient and dental personnel and still provide benefits for present use of. Radiation protection 6 european guidelines on radiation protection in dental radiology. An important method for keeping patient exposure as low as reasonably achievable is the appropriate prescription of radiographs. However, the amount of radiation exposure in dentistry is significantly. Consideration the dentist selects the patient who needs radiographs, determines which radiographs are needed, takes or supervises the exposure of the films and interprets the images. Radiographs are an indispensable diagnostic aid in dentistry as they allow the detection of disease and other abnormalities, as well as disease progression to be monitored. Radiation protection in dentistry 1987 published by the national health and medical research council, following its one hundred and third session in june 1987.

Safety and health topics ionizing radiation standards. It is unusual for any member of staff in dentistry. Ionising radiation is a well established risk factor. Can a pregnant employee continue to work in the dental radiology department. Dental radiation protection program guide each registrant is required to develop, document, and implement a radiation protection program. The forces at work in radiation are revealed upon examining the structure of atoms. Guidance on occupational hazards in dentistry health and. The ordinance on prevention of ionizing radiation hazards at works to decontaminate soil and. The chance of developing cancer, not the seriousness of the cancer, increases as the radiation dose increases.

Procedures to reduce radiation exposure to personnel 34 8. Exposure to radiation is your dental practice safe. Doses, radiation hazards are primarily stochastic rather than. Adverse effects of ionizing radiation can be divided into deterministic and stochastic effects. Occupational dentistry optical hazard evaluation of dental. Health hazards associated with curing light in the dental. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and clinical profile of health workers in a teaching hospital in northern nigeria. All life has evolved in an environment filled with radiation. Apr 12, 2015 radiation exposure in dentistry low level of radiation is used which causes few cell damage but even low level of radiation exposure over a prolong period of time may cause potential hazards to health xrays is an ionizing radiation that is capable of initiating and producing damage to body cells as well as carcinogenic and genetic change. The measurements revealed that the uv hazard was nonexistent. Active use of curing light in operative dentistry may take hours per day. During the course of medical or dental training, most of the healthcare personnel are trained regarding radiation hazards and requisite safety measures. Dentistry, respiratory hazards, and niosh randall j.

The uv hazard to the cornea and lens, the bluelight retinal hazard, and the thermal burn retinal hazard. Occupational hazards in dentistry are occupational hazards that are specifically associated with a dental care environment. Introduction radiation protection the main principal is to those things which will minimize exposure of patient and dental personnel and still provide benefits for present use of diagnostic radiography. Hse medical exposure radiation unit meru, the office of radiation protection and environmental monitoring orpem, and from international publications detailing best practice in radiation safety for dentists. The early pioneers in radiation research died from. Radiation safety in dental radiography nc radiation protection.

Occupational hazards in dentistry linkedin slideshare. Ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, artificial lighting, polymerization light is some of the physical hazards in dentistry that are great threat for workers lives and can cause sight and hearing problems along with other disorders. Health hazards associated with curing light in the dental clinic. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. However, the amount of radiation exposure in dentistry is significantly low but it is still harmful owing to the requirement of repeated radiographic examination during the dental treatment. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation occupational. Maintain documentation of training and of evaluation of competent use of the xray equipment and imaging software. Atoms are a million times thinner than a single strand of human hair, and are composed of even smaller particles some of which are electrically charged. It has been observed that the awareness of radiation hazards among clinicians can. Communicating radiation risks in paediatric imaging information to support healthcare discussions about benefit and risk 29 chapter 2. Knowledge, attitude and practice of radiation protection.

Office of radiation control, xray compliance branch 18005821866 alabama department of public health 334 2065391 1 dental radiation protection program guide each registrant is required to develop, document, and implement a radiation protection program. Taking xray machines in the dental office predispose dentists. Scientists learnt that radiation is not only a source of energy and medicine, but it could also be a potential threat to human health, if not handled properly. A practical manual on the medical an d use of xrays, with control of radiation hazards prepared by the american college of radiology for users of xrays in the healing arts. The higher the radiation dose, the greater the chance of developing cancer. Radiation hazards the discoveries of xrays and radioactivity had its own advantage and disadvantages. Cancers caused by radiation do not appear until years after the radiation exposure.

Clearwater dental laboratory radiation safety page 1 the information in this document is subject to change without notice. Prince philip dental hospital, sai ying pun, hong kong sar, china. Awareness of these occupational hazards and implementation of preventive strategies can necessarily provide a. Dental imaging is a helpful aid in the diagnosis of maxillofacial lesions. Compliance with occupational exposure requirements 1. The operator in this office was exposed to x radiation in excess of 1. State and local government employees are covered if they are in one of the 28 states and two territories that operate their own oshaapproved state. Protecting workers in these activities from radiation hazards. This is a guide to assist in constructing a radiation protection program specific for. Radiation hazards in dentistry pdf radiation hazards in dentistry gont. Introduction dental care workers are exposed to many occupational hazards. Focuses on hazards and controls found in the hospital setting, including those related to ionizing radiation, and describes regulatory requirements and recommended safe work practices for healthcare workers.

Facts and fallacies of radiation risk in dental radiology. These range from toxicity to chemicals routinely used in dentistry, threat of cross infection in the dental clinic, to musculoskeletal diseases consequential to suboptimal working posture. Dental professionals are predisposed to a number of occupational hazards. Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body. Radiation protection regulations are developed and implemented for a number of appropriate reasons, including furthering protection and safety of humans, attempts to improve safety for individuals engaged in radiation related activities, national security issues, and in response to the infrequent, but often highprofile. For protection from radiation hazards, principles and means of radiation protection should be applied and used during radiation exposure. Awareness of biological hazards and radiation protection. Dentist should avoid direct exposure to xray beam, and proper position of the dentist in relation to either the xray machine or the patients should be. Recommendations by international bodies are enacted into law and serve as dose limits for occupationally exposed individuals and the general public. Radiation survey results are shown below for six dentists offices in this area. In fact, head and neck radiation treatment can increase the risk of developing tooth decay, making the radiographs all the more important for these patients.

A registrant may not use this document as a substitute for their radiation protection program. Quiz questions on radiation exposure, protection, and. Pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of. Members of the dental team including dentists, hygienists, dental nurses and radiographers must ensure local protocols are followed to minimise risk. Achievable alara to reduce health risks from ionizing. Therefore, to ensure minimum and inevitable exposure during dental treatment, it is necessary to follow principles of radiation protection and safety. Verify that dental personnel have demonstrated familiarity with basic radiation safety rules as listed in section 1. Facts and fallacies of radiation risk in dental radiology professor michael m. Provide radiation safety rules to dental personnel including any restrictions of the operating technique required for the safe use of the particular dental xray equipment. While some exposure to radiation is acceptable in medical practice, it should be understood that levels of radiation exposure to patients, dental staff, and other nearby. Code of practice and safety guide for radiation protection in dentistry. It will take many years, or even decades for a cancer to develop after exposure to radiation, the risks are reduced even further for people who are elderly at the time of exposure. Radiation exposure in dentistry low level of radiation is used which causes few cell damage but even low level of radiation exposure over a prolong period of time may cause potential hazards to health xrays is an ionizing radiation that is capable of initiating and producing damage to body cells as well as carcinogenic and genetic change.

It strips away electrons from atoms breaks some chemical bonds. Ascertain that dental personnel demonstrate competence in using the xray equipment and imaging software, and comply with the radiation safety rules. Radiation is the transfer of energy through space from an emitting source. Carla montalvao1 nicolas colsoul1 professor quentin a. The operator in this office was exposed to xradiation in excess of 1. Osha standards cover all workers in the private sector, as well as civilian employees of most federal entities. Radiation protection concepts and principles new health technologies and medical devices using ionizing radiation have led to major improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. The discoveries of xrays and radioactivity had its own. Dosimeters should be worn if a weekly radiation workload exceeds 100 intraoral or 50 panoramic xrays. This is a guide to assist in constructing a radiation protection program specific for each dental facility. Lowdose xray examinations of the teeth involve similar doses of radiation to those received in a period of just a few days from natural background radiation. This penetrating radiation is an external hazard and can travel 100s of feet in air. Radiation hazards from the use of dental xray units.

Radiation dose rates refer to the condition existing when the voltage and current values were those most commonly used. The radiation hazards most commonly known to the participants included congenital malformations in babies of exposed pregnant women 68. Parker2 professor reinhilde jacobs3 1 applied oral sciences, faculty of dentistry, the university of hong kongapplied oral sciences, faculty of dentistry, the university of. However, care should be taken to adjust the risk estimates. Radiation protection in dentistry recommended safety.